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Two-Photon Endomicroscopic Imaging with Dielectric Metalens.

Authors:

Conghao Wang, Yao Zhang, Huilan Liu, Jun Qin, Xiaoshao Ma, Yijing Zhang, Yanhui Hu, Yuqian Gao, Dawei Li, Aimin Wang & Lishuang Feng

Publication:

ACS Photonics

Publication Date:

14/01/2026

Two-photon endomicroscopy (2PEM) offers non-linear, label-free imaging that is ideal for precise optical biopsies. While gradient-index (GRIN) lenses allow for millimeter-scale miniaturization, they are limited by a low numerical aperture (NA). On the other hand, microlens assemblies can provide high NA focusing but are often bulky, which restricts their use in narrow working channels. In this study, we designed and fabricated a high-aspect-ratio dielectric metalens operating at 780 nm for label-free 2PEM. We constructed a metalens-based 2PEM platform by integrating the meta-objective with a compact 2PEM probe, resulting in a probe that measures 2.7 mm in width, 3.5 mm in height, and 7.6 mm in length. Imaging of unstained skin sections successfully captured second-harmonic generation and two-photon fluorescence signals, demonstrating the effectiveness of metalens-based nonlinear endomicroscopy for label-free imaging.